K8S容器环境下GitLab-CI和GitLab Runner部署记录转载

2026-06-15 服务器浏览 (12)

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一、简单介绍

GitLab-CI

GitLab CI/CD是GitLab的一部分，支持从计划到部署具有出色的用户体验。CI/CD是开源GitLab社区版和专有GitLab企业版的一部分。可以根据需要添加任意数量的计算节点，每个构建可以拆分为多个作业，这些作业可以在多台计算机上并行运行。

GitLab-CI轻量级，不需要复杂的安装手段。配置简单，与gitlab可直接适配。实时构建日志十分清晰，UI交互体验很好。使用 YAML 进行配置，任何人都可以很方便的使用。

在大多数情况，构建项目都会占用大量的系统资源，如果让gitlab本身来运行构建任务的话，显然Gitlab的性能会大幅度下降。GitLab-CI最大的作用就是管理各个项目的构建状态。因此，运行构建任务这种浪费资源的事情交给一个独立的Gitlab Runner来做就会好很多，更重要的是Gitlab Runner 可以安装到不同的机器上，甚至是我们本机，这样完全就不会影响Gitlab本身了。

GitLab Runner

Gitlab Runner是一个开源项目，用于运行您的作业并将结果发送给gitlab。它与Gitlab CI结合使用，gitlab ci是Gitlab随附的用于协调作用的开源持续集成服务。

Gitlab Runner是用Go编写的，可以作为一个二进制文件运行，不需要特定于语言的要求。它皆在GNU/Linux，MacOS和Windows操作系统上运行。

二、基于Kubernetes Gitlab CICD 容器化部署记录

Gitlab主要涉及3个应用：Redis、Postgresql、Gitlab核心程序。本案例中使用NFS作为持久化存储方式。

1）使用NFS作为持久化存储

# 在NFS服务器端创建共享目录
[root@k8s-harbor01 ~]# mkdir -p /data/storage/k8s/gitlab/{postgresql,redis,gitlab}

2）部署PostgreSQL

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: postgresql
  namespace: kube-ops
  labels:
    name: postgresql
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      name: postgresql
  template:
    metadata:
      name: postgresql
      labels:
        name: postgresql
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: postgresql
        image: 172.16.60.230/gitlab/postgresql:v1
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        env:
        - name: DB_USER
          value: gitlab
        - name: DB_PASS
          value: passw0rd
        - name: DB_NAME
          value: gitlab_production
        - name: DB_EXTENSION
          value: pg_trgm
        ports:
        - name: postgres
          containerPort: 5432
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /var/lib/postgresql
          name: data
        livenessProbe:
          exec:
            command:
            - pg_isready
            - -h
            - localhost
            - -U
            - postgres
          initialDelaySeconds: 30
          timeoutSeconds: 5
        readinessProbe:
          exec:
            command:
            - pg_isready
            - -h
            - localhost
            - -U
            - postgres
          initialDelaySeconds: 5
          timeoutSeconds: 1
      volumes:
      - name: data
        nfs:
          server: 172.16.60.238
          path: /data/storage/k8s/gitlab/postgresql
          readOnly: false
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: postgresql
  namespace: kube-ops
  labels:
    name: postgresql
spec:
  ports:
  - name: postgres
    port: 5432
    targetPort: postgres
  selector:
    name: postgresql

3）部署Redis

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: redis
  namespace: kube-ops
  labels:
    name: redis
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      name: redis
  template:
    metadata:
      name: redis
      labels:
        name: redis
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: redis
        image: 172.16.60.230/gitlab/redis:latest
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        ports:
        - name: redis
          containerPort: 6379
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /var/lib/redis
          name: data
        livenessProbe:
          exec:
            command:
            - redis-cli
            - ping
          initialDelaySeconds: 30
          timeoutSeconds: 5
        readinessProbe:
          exec:
            command:
            - redis-cli
            - ping
          initialDelaySeconds: 5
          timeoutSeconds: 1
      volumes:
      - name: data
        nfs:
          server: 172.16.60.238
          path: /data/storage/k8s/gitlab/redis
          readOnly: false
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: redis
  namespace: kube-ops
  labels:
    name: redis
spec:
  ports:
  - name: redis
    port: 6379
    targetPort: redis
  selector:
    name: redis

4）部署Gitlab核心程序

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: gitlab
  namespace: kube-ops
  labels:
    name: gitlab
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      name: gitlab
  template:
    metadata:
      name: gitlab
      labels:
        name: gitlab
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: gitlab
        image: 172.16.60.230/gitlab/gitlab-ce:latest
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        env:
        - name: TZ
          value: Asia/Shanghai
        - name: GITLAB_TIMEZONE
          value: Beijing
        - name: GITLAB_SECRETS_DB_KEY_BASE
          value: long-and-random-alpha-numeric-string
        - name: GITLAB_SECRETS_SECRET_KEY_BASE
          value: long-and-random-alpha-numeric-string
        - name: GITLAB_SECRETS_OTP_KEY_BASE
          value: long-and-random-alpha-numeric-string
        - name: GITLAB_ROOT_PASSWORD
          value: admin321
        - name: GITLAB_ROOT_EMAIL
          value: admin@example.com
        - name: GITLAB_HOST
          value: 0.0.0.0:30004
        - name: GITLAB_PORT
          value: "80"
        - name: DB_TYPE
          value: postgres
        - name: DB_HOST
          value: postgresql
        - name: DB_PORT
          value: "5432"
        - name: DB_USER
          value: gitlab
        - name: DB_PASS
          value: passw0rd
        - name: DB_NAME
          value: gitlab_production
        - name: REDIS_HOST
          value: redis
        - name: REDIS_PORT
          value: "6379"
        ports:
        - name: http
          containerPort: 80
        - name: ssh
          containerPort: 22
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /home/git/data
          name: data
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /
            port: 80
          initialDelaySeconds: 180
          timeoutSeconds: 5
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /
            port: 80
          initialDelaySeconds: 5
          timeoutSeconds: 1
      volumes:
      - name: data
        nfs:
          server: 172.16.60.238
          path: /data/storage/k8s/gitlab/gitlab
          readOnly: false
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: gitlab
  namespace: kube-ops
  labels:
    name: gitlab
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
  - name: http
    port: 80
    targetPort: http
    nodePort: 30004
  - name: ssh
    port: 22
    targetPort: ssh
  selector:
    name: gitlab

5）部署GitLab Runner

GitLab Runner支持多种方式安装，这里采取在K8S中安装。

首先创建ConfigMap配置Runner环境变量：

apiVersion: v1
data:
  REGISTER_NON_INTERACTIVE: "true"
  REGISTER_LOCKED: "false"
  METRICS_SERVER: "0.0.0.0:9100"
  CI_SERVER_URL: "http://gitlab.kube-ops.svc.cluster.local/ci"
  RUNNER_REQUEST_CONCURRENCY: "4"
  RUNNER_EXECUTOR: "kubernetes"
  KUBERNETES_NAMESPACE: "kube-ops"
  KUBERNETES_PRIVILEGED: "true"
  KUBERNETES_CPU_LIMIT: "1"
  KUBERNETES_CPU_REQUEST: "500m"
  KUBERNETES_MEMORY_LIMIT: "1Gi"
  KUBERNETES_SERVICE_CPU_LIMIT: "1"
  KUBERNETES_SERVICE_MEMORY_LIMIT: "1Gi"
  KUBERNETES_HELPER_CPU_LIMIT: "500m"
  KUBERNETES_HELPER_MEMORY_LIMIT: "100Mi"
  KUBERNETES_PULL_POLICY: "if-not-present"
  KUBERNETES_TERMINATIONGRACEPERIODSECONDS: "10"
  KUBERNETES_POLL_INTERVAL: "5"
  KUBERNETES_POLL_TIMEOUT: "360"
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  labels:
    app: gitlab-ci-runner
  name: gitlab-ci-runner-cm
  namespace: kube-ops

然后创建RBAC权限和StatefulSet部署Runner：

# 创建ServiceAccount和RBAC
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: gitlab-ci
  namespace: kube-ops
---
kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: gitlab-ci
  namespace: kube-ops
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["*"]
  verbs: ["*"]
---
kind: RoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: gitlab-ci
  namespace: kube-ops
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: gitlab-ci
  namespace: kube-ops
roleRef:
  kind: Role
  name: gitlab-ci
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io